of a system described by the authors. In the second stage, we excluded 7 publications which we
deemed irrelevant to citizen engagement since they mostly contained the evaluation of open data
websites. In the third stage, we excluded 11 irrelevant publications because they did not focus on OGD
citizen engagement. We also applied forward and backward searching by examining the citations of
selected articles and adding relevant articles (Webster and Watson, 2002) and added eight additional
relevant publications. In the end, we included 23 articles that empirically investigated citizen
engagement in existent open data initiatives to create a conceptual model for conducting our case
study (see Appendix 1 for an overview). More information about the way that we analyzed the
selected articles can be found at the 4TU.Centre for Research Data through [link removed for blind
peer review]. This website also includes our underlying research data and more details of our research
method.

Figure 1. The inclusion and exclusion processes applied in the systematic literature review.

2.2. Findings from the Systematic Literature review: conditions and factors of OGD
citizen engagement
We identified conditions and factors for the emergence of OGD engagement in the 23 reviewed
articles and categorized them into individual, organizational, societal conditions and factors (see Table
2). We discuss each stream of conditions and factors below.