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costs, risks and life cycle- (COI Council, 2012), record keeping and knowledge of patterns of use of the public
sector information.
• Second category: Technical and operating skills - Technological integration
Knowledge and design of the Content Management Systems (for example: OJS, Drupal or Wordpress), data
management quality control, workflow design, process control, storage processes, access methods, conservation
techniques, information architecture, metadata, user-based interface design, data modeling, information
organization, markup languages, ontologies and Linked Data.
• Third category: Social skills and working mentality:
Communication skills, teamwork, commitment to opening government up to citizens, efficiency and economy
in processes, social skills, digital marketing, Web positioning, community management, agents for change, ability
to obtain sponsorship or alliances with stakeholders and ongoing training.
5. Conclusions
Internet has changed the way people communicate, including the communicative way of governments and
citizens. There are many ways to articulate that information flow which affects both data access as well as its
management. Although it is generically known as open data, different expressions are used in different contexts:
open data, open content, linked open data, big data...
Pressure by citizens and social dynamics have encouraged a current in favor of free information flow,
particularly between governments and citizens. Public data portals, which are created by governments and different
inter-institutional initiatives, are the best practice to represent such data and information flows.
As that information flow has been introduced in society and all professions, the information manager´s
traditional role has become fairly different. Nevertheless, they fulfill an essential public function in the private and
public sector.
In that sense, experiences obtained in different public information scopes (access and re-use, portals,
databases...) let managers detect essential competences to manage data as well as information, including libraries
and archives.
The research results have emphasized three categories concerning competences and general training objectives
must be included in the university curricula: knowledge of the Administration context, technological integration as
well as technical skills and, lastly, social skills to act as information mediator.
Should that approach be adopted, Library and Information Science schools should orientate their curricula
toward citizens' present information needs.
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CIO Council (2012).Clinger-Cohen Core Competencies and Learning Objectives https://cio.gov/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/02/2012Learning-Objectives-Final.pdf.
Comisión Europea (2011). Open data: An engine for innovation, growth and transparent governance COM(2011) 882 final. Brussels.
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Data Documentation Alliance. http://www.ddialliance.org/.
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http://www.practicalparticipation.co.uk/odi/report/
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