Chapter 2

Energy Yield
2-18. Fats provide the body around 9 kilocalories of energy per gram.
Digestibility
2-19. Fats are easier to digest than protein, but harder to digest than carbohydrates. Fats are harder to digest
at higher altitudes.

Carbohydrates
Mechanism
2-20. In the form of glucose, carbohydrates are found in the most important energy-producing cycles in the
body’s cells. If carbohydrate intake exceeds energy needs, moderate amounts are stored in the muscles and
liver. Larger amounts are converted into fats and stored in that form.
Function
2-21. Carbohydrates are an important source of calories.
Sources
2-22. Nutritionally, the most useful sources of carbohydrates are foods such as unrefined grains,
vegetables, and fruit.
Minimum Daily Requirement
2-23. Carbohydrates should comprise up to 50 percent of the total daily caloric intake.
Energy Yield
2-24. Carbohydrates provide the body around 4 kilocalories of energy per gram.
Digestibility
2-25. Carbohydrates are easier to digest than proteins.

Vitamins
2-26. If an improper and unbalanced diet is likely to occur during a deployment, vitamin supplements
should be considered, especially if this period is to exceed 10 days.
Mechanism and Function
2-27. Vitamins are classified into two groups on the basis of their ability to dissolve in fat or water. The
fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins
and vitamin C.
Sources
2-28. Water-soluble vitamins are found in cereals, vegetables, fruits, and meats, but a well-balanced diet
provides all of the required vitamins. Since most water-soluble vitamins are not stored, a proper diet is
necessary to ensure adequate levels of these vitamins.

2-4

TC 3-97.61

26 July 2012