FOOD STIMULI AND GENDER

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3.2.2 Questionnaires
Two questionnaires were developed from different questionnaires. One was
distributed at the beginning of the experiment, and the second was distributed after the food
picture presentation. Descriptions of the questionnaires and the order in which they were
completed are listed below; the questions can be found in Appendix E.
Questionnaire I (completed before the food picture presentation):
•

Demographic questions included age, gender, weight, height, affiliation to
the university, and study course.

•

Participants were asked to indicate how hungry they were and their appetite
at the moment on the 10 cm analog Hunger and Appetite Scales (0 = not
hungry / no appetite 10 = very hungry / large appetite). Participants were also
required to specify the time of their last meal. For the analysis, answers were
measured on the scales with a ruler.

•

The authorized German translation of the Dutch Eating Behavior
Questionnaire (DEBQ) (Fragebogen zum Ernährungsverhalten or FEV I)
was used for assessment of eating behavior. This questionnaire contains 33
questions from which 13 on emotional eating, 10 are on restrained eating,
and 10 on external eating behavior (Grunert, 1989; van Strien, Frijters,
Bergers, & Defares, 1986).
In this master’s thesis, the DEBQ questionnaire was analyzed to investigate
whether previous reports (Provencher et al., 2003) on gender differences in
restrictiveness were also present in our study sample. The sample of our study
was composed only of students and university staff, which is not equal to the
sample used to validate the DEBQ questionnaire. An instrument for